How does the charging speed of a home EV charger compare to public charging stations?

Charging an electric vehicle (EV) can be done at home or at public stations, each offering different speeds based on the type of charger. In the United Kingdom, homeowners typically use fast home chargers, while public charging often includes faster options like rapid and ultra-rapid chargers.

Overview of Home EV Charging Speeds

Home EV chargers in the UK generally offer speeds up to 7.4 kW, with some homes potentially capable of supporting 22 kW three-phase chargers, which are significantly faster. A 7 kW charger is the most common type and can provide about 30 miles of range per hour. A 22 kW charger, if available, can offer up to 90 miles of range per hour.

Overview of Public EV Charging Speeds

Public charging stations, especially those near motorway services, often include rapid and ultra-rapid chargers. Rapid chargers typically operate between 43-50 kW and can charge an EV from 0-80% in about 45 minutes. Ultra-rapid chargers offer even higher power outputs, commonly between 50 kW and 350 kW, allowing for an 80% charge in just 20 minutes.

Comparison

Here's a comparison of the charging speeds:

• Home Chargers: 3.6 kW to 22 kW (1.5-90 miles per hour)
• Public Rapid Chargers: 43-50 kW (most cars can reach 80% in 45 minutes)
• Public Ultra-Rapid Chargers: 50-350 kW (most cars can reach 80% in 20 minutes)

Real-World Applications and Examples

Home Charging: Suitable for daily commuters who charge their vehicles overnight. Fast home chargers like 7 kW units are sufficient for most users.

Public Rapid/Ultra-Rapid Charging: Ideal for long-distance drivers who need quick top-ups. These stations are found at motorway services and other strategic locations.

Practical Advice

Pros and Cons of Home vs. Public Charging

• Pros of Home Charging:

• Convenient and cheaper for regular charging.

• Charging can be done overnight.

• Cons of Home Charging:

• Installation costs can be high, including potential electrical upgrades.

• Lower speed compared to public rapid chargers.

• Pros of Public Rapid/Ultra-Rapid Charging:

• Fast and useful for long trips.

• Conveniently located at motorway services.

• Cons of Public Rapid/Ultra-Rapid Charging:

• More expensive per session compared to home charging.

• Regular use may impact battery longevity.

Common Mistakes

• Assuming All Homes Can Support High-Speed Chargers: Not all UK homes can accommodate 22 kW chargers; they require a three-phase electrical supply, which is rare in residential areas.

• Overreliance on Rapid/Ultra-Rapid Charging: Regular use can reduce battery lifespan. Use these chargers only when necessary.

In summary, while home chargers are ideal for daily use and cost efficiency, public rapid and ultra-rapid chargers are best for long-distance travel when fast top-ups are necessary. Understanding these differences can help UK homeowners and small business owners choose the most suitable charging solution for their needs.