Are there any specific regulations for storage systems in the UK?

In the UK, there are specific regulations for storage systems, particularly those related to safety and licensing. These regulations impact both homeowners and small businesses, especially when installing energy storage systems like batteries.

Overview of Regulations

The UK has recently seen significant updates in energy legislation and standards related to storage systems:

• Energy Act 2023: This act updated the Electricity Act 1989 by including a definition of energy storage. Energy storage is considered a form of electricity generation, requiring a generation license unless an exemption applies. For example, small generators producing no more than 10 MW are often exempt.

• Fire Safety Standards: As of March 2024, a new British Standard, PAS 63100:2024, has been introduced for the fire safety of battery energy storage systems (BESS) in homes. This standard aims to reduce fire risks by mandating proper installation practices and warning labels.

Types of Storage Systems

Storage systems can be broadly categorized into two types: DC-coupled and AC-coupled systems.

DC-Coupled Systems

• Description: These systems connect the battery directly to the DC output of solar panels. This setup eliminates the need for an inverter between the solar panels and the battery.
• Advantages: Greater efficiency, lower costs due to fewer components.
• Disadvantages: Limited flexibility if you need to add solar panels or batteries from different manufacturers.

AC-Coupled Systems

• Description: These systems use an inverter to convert DC power from solar panels to AC before it is fed into the battery or the grid. This allows for greater flexibility in expanding the system.
• Advantages: Easier to integrate with existing solar systems, greater compatibility with different components.
• Disadvantages: Reduced efficiency due to additional conversions, higher costs for more parts.

Practical Advice for UK Homeowners and Small Businesses

When considering energy storage systems in the UK, it's essential to be aware of the following:

• Licensing: Ensure you understand whether your system requires a generation license. Most small installations are exempt, but compliance with grid codes and safety standards is crucial.

• Safety Standards: Comply with the new British Standard for fire safety (PAS 63100:2024) if you're installing a BESS in a dwelling.

• System Choice: Consider the pros and cons of DC-coupled vs AC-coupled systems based on your existing infrastructure and future expansion needs.

• Common Mistakes: Failing to comply with safety regulations or misunderstanding licensing requirements can lead to legal issues and safety hazards.

Real-World Applications

In the UK, energy storage systems are increasingly used to maximize the benefits of renewable energy sources, particularly solar power. For example, homeowners can use batteries to store excess energy generated during the day for use at night, reducing reliance on the grid. Small businesses can also benefit by stabilizing their energy supply and reducing costs.

Environmental and Health Considerations

Recent environmental permitting regulations have implications for Battery Energy Storage Systems (BESS). It's crucial for businesses to adapt to these regulations to avoid environmental impacts and ensure safe operations, especially in grid-scale applications.