Thermal energy storage
Thermal energy storage are an important part of making your home more energy-efficient and sustainable. In this section, we explain what thermal energy storage are, how they work, and what to consider if you're thinking about using them at home. Whether you're just curious or ready to take the next step, you'll find clear, practical answers without the jargon.
How does thermal energy storage work?
Thermal energy storage (TES) allows you to keep and manage heat for later use, often using water or special materials as storage. It captures excess heat when available and releases it when needed. This is useful for homes and businesses to maximise renewable energy systems like solar panels. In the UK, TES helps manage heating efficiently, offering potential cost savings and environmental benefits, although it can require significant space and initial investment.
How can thermal energy storage help homeowners and small businesses?
Thermal energy storage helps homeowners and small businesses by storing extra heat or cool air for later use. This can cut energy costs, lower carbon emissions, and make better use of renewable energy. It also eases demand on the energy grid during peak times.
How does thermal energy storage help cut down my energy bills?
Thermal energy storage lets you store excess energy as heat to use later, especially when electricity prices are high. This method can make use of cheaper, off-peak electricity or solar power, reducing how much you need from the grid during the day. Over time, this strategy can lower your energy bills significantly by shifting consumption to cheaper periods.
Are there different types of thermal energy storage?
Yes, there are different types of thermal energy storage systems. The main ones include sensible heat storage, which uses materials like water to store heat; latent heat storage, which involves materials that change state, like ice; and thermochemical storage, which stores energy through chemical reactions. Each type has its own uses and benefits.
What's the difference between sensible and latent heat storage?
Sensible heat storage changes the temperature of a material, like heating water. Latent heat storage involves changing a material's state, like melting ice, without changing its temperature. Sensible heat is simple and common, while latent heat stores more energy in less space but is more complex. Sensible heat is easily used in home heating systems, whereas latent heat, despite its high energy capacity, is less common in homes due to its complexity.
What materials are used in thermal energy storage?
Thermal energy storage systems use different materials based on the kind of storage. Water, rocks, and concrete store heat directly. Special substances like salt hydrates store heat when they change between solid and liquid states. Chemical reactions involving metal compounds also store heat and can hold it for longer periods.
How do solar panels and thermal energy storage systems work together?
Solar panels and thermal energy storage systems work together by capturing both electricity and heat from the sun. Hybrid solar panels generate electricity and capture heat simultaneously. The heat can be stored in tanks or underground systems for later use, especially in the winter. This stored heat can reduce reliance on traditional heating methods, making the system more efficient overall.
Can thermal energy storage work in the UK's weather?
Yes, thermal energy storage can work in the UK's climate. It helps manage heating demands by storing extra heat for use during colder periods. This approach reduces reliance on fossil fuels and supports renewable energy usage. Different systems, like storing heat in underground aquifers or using solar heat collected in the summer, are practical here. These systems can be used in homes and businesses to improve energy efficiency and cut carbon emissions.
How does storing thermal energy help the environment?
Storing thermal energy helps the environment by reducing carbon emissions and making renewable energy sources more reliable. It captures and stores extra heat, which can be used later, cutting down on the need for fossil fuels. This way, energy is used more efficiently, and we can rely more on renewable sources.
How much does it cost to get a thermal energy storage system?
For most UK homeowners, installing a thermal energy storage system costs around £1,400. Larger systems, used in commercial settings, can vary widely in price. A small business might spend between £5,000 and £8,000, but industrial systems can be much more. Costs depend on system size and type, as well as how they fit with existing heating, so you might need an expert to give a detailed estimate.
How long does it usually take to put in a thermal energy storage system?
It usually takes a few days to a week to install smaller thermal energy storage systems like heat batteries. But for larger, more complex setups, especially in commercial settings, it might take several weeks or even a few months to complete.
How do I maintain a thermal energy storage system?
Thermal energy storage systems, like heat batteries and thermal stores, need routine upkeep to work well and last longer. This typically involves having a heating engineer inspect it regularly, checking for leaks, and ensuring good insulation. Make sure the water is of good quality if your system uses it, to avoid scaling or corrosion. By doing these things, you can help your system run efficiently and save on costs over time.
Can I add thermal energy storage to my current heating system?
Yes, you can add thermal energy storage to your current heating system. It lets you store extra heat from your system or renewable sources like solar panels or heat pumps to use later when needed. This can help you save energy, reduce costs, and lower carbon emissions.
What's the difference between thermal energy storage and battery storage?
Thermal energy storage saves energy as heat for later use, great for heating or cooling needs. On the other hand, battery storage keeps energy as electricity, useful for things like powering homes when solar panels aren't generating. Both have their own advantages, such as thermal storage being cost-effective and environmentally friendly, while battery storage offers greater flexibility in electricity use.
How big should the thermal energy storage system be for my home?
The size of a thermal energy storage system depends on your home's insulation, heating needs, and the type of system you have. Most UK homes use water-based tanks between 250-500 litres. If you have newer phase-change systems, these might be smaller. For well-insulated newer homes, you may need a smaller system than for older homes. It's best to upgrade insulation first to reduce heating demand.
Are there UK government incentives for thermal energy storage?
Yes, there are UK government incentives to help people install thermal energy storage systems. These support items such as the Boiler Upgrade Scheme and various programs for low-income households. Upcoming changes are expected to further encourage the use of such technologies.
Can thermal energy storage help me use less electricity from the grid?
Yes, thermal energy storage can help reduce your dependence on grid electricity. It stores heat or cold for later use, which can help manage your energy use by saving energy during off-peak times for later use. This can lead to lower energy costs and reduce your carbon footprint.
How good are thermal energy storage systems at keeping and using heat?
Thermal energy storage systems are quite effective at storing and releasing heat. They can achieve efficiencies of around 85% to over 90%, depending on the system. Options like molten salts and certain types of rock can store heat well for long periods. These systems are useful in managing energy demand and reducing reliance on fossil fuels by storing heat generated from renewable sources.
Can thermal energy storage help during power cuts?
Yes, it can help, but in a different way from batteries. Thermal energy storage keeps heat or cold for later use, which can maintain heating, hot water, or cooling during a power cut. This means homes and businesses can stay warm or cool without relying solely on electricity.
How can thermal energy storage save money for small businesses?
Thermal energy storage helps small businesses cut costs by storing heat or cold for later use, which reduces reliance on the more expensive electricity from the grid during peak times. It improves energy efficiency and provides a more stable energy supply. This means lower energy bills and less risk of disruptions from energy outages.
What are the downsides of thermal energy storage?
Thermal energy storage can be less efficient for electricity use, with conversion losses meaning it's not as effective as batteries in that area. The systems tend to be costly to set up and need a lot of space, which isn't always ideal for city properties. Insulation issues can also lead to heat loss, and many UK homes need extra infrastructure to make it work well.
How long can energy be stored in a thermal system?
Thermals systems typically store energy from a few hours to a couple of days. Larger systems might keep it for weeks, and some advanced techniques aim for storing energy for months, particularly for seasonal use. The duration depends on the system’s size, design, and purpose.
How do time-of-use rates impact money saved with thermal energy storage?
Time-of-use rates charge more for electricity during peak hours and less during off-peak hours. If you use thermal energy storage to store energy when it is cheaper and use it later when rates are higher, you can lower your electricity bills. This method is especially popular with things like night storage heaters or hot water systems, letting you save money by reducing your energy use during expensive times.
Can a thermal energy storage system handle both heating and cooling?
Yes, thermal energy storage systems can manage both heating and cooling. They store heat or cold to use when needed, helping with energy efficiency. In the UK, these systems support sustainability by storing renewable energy for heating during cold times and using special materials to cool buildings during off-peak hours.
What are phase change materials used for storing thermal energy?
Phase change materials (PCMs) can store and release heat when they change between solid and liquid states. By storing heat as latent heat during this change, they help in keeping temperatures stable, making them useful for thermal energy storage systems. They're used in district heating systems and industries like distilleries to improve energy efficiency and support cleaner energy use.
How long do thermal energy storage systems last?
Thermal energy storage systems can last a long time, but their lifespan depends on their type and how well they are maintained. They can be very durable if made with good materials and checked regularly. However, they may need repairs if not kept up properly or if they face tough conditions.
Can you use thermal energy storage in both new and old buildings?
Yes, you can use thermal energy storage in both new builds and retrofits. In new buildings, it can be designed as part of the construction, making it more efficient. For existing buildings, it can still be added, though it might need some upgrades. It helps improve energy efficiency and reduces reliance on fossil fuels in both cases.
How can I find a reliable supplier or installer in the UK?
You can start by contacting well-known manufacturers like Sunamp, Caldera, or Tepeo. They can direct you to certified installers. Also, make sure to look for installers with MCS accreditation or members of industry groups like Thermal Storage UK. This can help ensure quality and proper handling of different systems.
Are thermal energy storage systems safe?
Thermal energy storage systems are generally safe, but like any technology, they need proper design and maintenance to avoid issues. Systems such as ice storage or molten salt used in concentrated solar power usually perform safely. In terms of safety, battery energy storage systems often raise more concerns due to potential fire risks stemming from their lithium-ion batteries. Regular checks and compliance with safety standards help ensure their safe operation.
How can thermal energy storage help make a home zero-carbon?
Thermal energy storage can help make a home zero-carbon by storing heat or cold to use later, reducing dependency on the grid and fossil fuels. By capturing thermal energy when it's abundant, like sunny days with solar panels, and using it for heating or cooling later, homes can lower emissions and energy costs.
How does thermal insulation help with storing thermal energy?
Thermal insulation is important for storing thermal energy because it helps keep heat from escaping, which means the stored energy stays useful for longer periods. This makes thermal energy storage more effective by keeping temperatures stable, so the energy can be used when needed.
Can storing heat energy help reduce peak energy use?
Yes, storing thermal energy can help lower peak energy demand. This system stores heat or cold energy generated when demand is low for use during busy times, easing the load on energy systems. This is especially useful in handling the high heating demand in the UK, especially during winter.
Are thermal energy storage systems flexible enough for future energy needs?
Yes, thermal energy storage systems are quite flexible for future needs. They can boost the efficiency and adjustability of heat networks, matching heat supply with demand better. This is important as we aim to rely more on renewable energy and reduce grid dependence, especially during peaks. These systems are particularly useful in balancing out supplies when using wind or solar power.
How do I keep an eye on how well my thermal energy storage system is working?
You can track your thermal energy storage system's performance using tools like smart meters and temperature sensors. These devices help you see how much energy you're storing and using. It's important to regularly check key things like the temperature range and energy efficiency to ensure your system runs smoothly and effectively.
How long do thermal energy storage systems usually last?
Thermal energy storage systems typically last at least 15 years, and some can last longer. This depends on the type of system and how well it's maintained. Regular maintenance helps ensure these systems operate efficiently throughout their lifespan.
Can neighbouring homes or businesses share thermal energy storage?
Yes, neighbouring homes or businesses can share thermal energy storage, but it needs planning and the right infrastructure. It involves storing heat in a central place and distributing it to nearby buildings. This can improve energy efficiency and reduce costs if done properly, although it requires some investment in infrastructure and understanding of regulations.
How do thermal energy storage and smart home tech work together?
Thermal energy storage, acting like a heat battery, pairs with smart home tech to manage heating efficiently. It stores heat when energy is cheap or renewable sources are plentiful, using it when needed. Smart home systems decide the best times to store and release heat, cutting energy costs and carbon emissions, while keeping homes comfy.
What are some real-life examples of thermal energy storage in the UK?
In the UK, thermal energy storage is being used in some interesting ways. Pimlico in London uses water tanks to supply heat to thousands of homes and businesses. Borehole systems store heat underground for long-term use. Companies like tepeo and Caldera offer home systems that keep heat stored until needed. Sunamp also has compact heat batteries that work with solar panels or heat pumps. These methods help to reduce reliance on fossil fuels and cut energy costs.
How much does the location matter when installing a thermal energy storage system?
Location really matters for thermal energy storage systems. Where you install them affects how well they work, the cost, and how they fit in with things like existing energy networks. For homes, space and insulation are important; businesses might look at roof or floor space. Being near a district heating network can save money, but remote locations might mean higher upfront costs for independence.